Abstract
As renewable energy source integration increases, P2G technology that can store surplus renewable power as methane is expected to expand. The development of a CO2 methanation catalyst, one of the core processes of the P2G concept, is being actively conducted. In this work, low-rank coal (LRC) was used as a catalyst support for CO2 methanation, as it can potentially enhance the diffusion and adsorption behavior by easily controlling the pore structure and composition. It can also improve the process efficiency owing to its simplicity (no pre-reduction step) and high thermal conductivity, compared to conventional metal oxide-supported catalysts. A screening of single metals (Ni, Co, Ru, Rh, and Pd) on LRC was performed, which showed that Ni was the most active. When Ni on the LRC catalyst was doped with a promoter (Ce and Mg), the CO2 conversion percentage increased by >10% compared to that of the single Ni catalyst. When the CO2 methanation activity was compared at 250–500 °C, the Ce-doped Ni/Eco and Mg-doped Ni/Eco catalysts showed similar or better activity than the commercial metal oxide-supported catalyst. In addition, the catalytic performance remained stable even after the test for an extended time (~200 h). The results of XRD, TEM, and TPR showed that highly efficient LRC-based CO2 methanation catalysts can be made when the metal dispersion and composition are modified.
Highlights
Renewable energy is of significant importance for achieving carbon neutrality, and power to gas (P2G) is attracting attention as a technology that complements the lack of grid stability caused by the use of renewables [1]
(Figures 1 and 2), CO2 methanation was performed in a fixed-bed tubular quartz reactor (OD = 13 mm) [33]
The activity was measured at 400 ◦ C and 16,000/h (GHSV) with 4% H2 ures 1 and 2), CO2 methanation was performed in a fixed-bed tubular quartz reactor
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Conventional metal oxide supports such as alumina and silica are usually used for commercialization Controlling their pore structure and surface composition is difficult, which limits the reaction enhancement in terms of diffusion and adsorption. The catalytic activity of carbon-based supports can be increased by relatively easy control of the pore structure and chemical composition It can show high thermal efficiency in a scale-up reactor because of its high heat transfer rate. A CO2 methanation catalyst was prepared using Indonesian low-rank coal (LRC), which contains many functional groups such as carboxyl, hydroxyl, ether, and amine These functional groups enabled the nano-dispersion of active metals in the form of nanodots; deactivation due to sintering was expected to be minimal [32,33]. The physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were studied using BET analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and H2 temperature-programmed reduction (TPR)
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