Abstract
Integrated lens antennas are widely used in high gain and beam steering applications at millimeter-wave frequencies. The ILA has often large height and suffers from significant scan loss. In this article, we demonstrate a low-profile, efficient, and scanloss-reduced integrated metal-lens antenna (IMLA). An IMLA is a combination of a dielectric lens and metal–plate lens. A 16- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> diameter IMLA is designed using the HDPE and 58 stainless steel plates to achieve the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f/d$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 0.69. The simulated aperture and radiation efficiency of the IMLA are 73% and 92%, respectively. At 76 GHz, the simulated and measured realized gains of the fabricated IMLA are 31.24 and 31 dBi, respectively. The IMLA is designed to steer the main beam to ±30°. The scan loss is reduced by tilting the radiation pattern of the feeds at offset positions along the focal plane. The radiation pattern of the square waveguide feed is tilted using asymmetrical dielectric pins. The asymmetrical dielectric pins reduce the simulated gain scan loss of the IMLA by more than 1.5 dB at 30° steering angle. The simulation results show that the inclination of the feed radiation pattern helps limit the scan loss of the IMLA to 4.1 and 4.3 dB in the H- and E-planes for 30° steering angle, respectively. The measured scan loss of the manufactured IMLA is 3.8 and 6.2 dB in the H- and E-plane, respectively.
Highlights
An integrated lens antenna (ILA) is a shaped dielectric material combined with the radiating elements
The idea of a low profile lens based on the combination of a dielectric and a metal-plate lens, i.e. integrated metal-lens antenna (IMLA), is presented in [19]
We propose to tilt the feed radiation pattern using a common feed antenna along the focal plane in both E- and H-planes
Summary
An integrated lens antenna (ILA) is a shaped dielectric material combined with the radiating elements. The idea of a low profile lens based on the combination of a dielectric and a metal-plate lens, i.e. integrated metal-lens antenna (IMLA), is presented in [19] With this approach, the focal length of low relative permittivity materials, like Teflon, can be minimized by approx. The scan loss of an ILA is mainly contributed by: the reduction of the effective radiating aperture with increasing steering angle, the increase in internal reflections at the dielectric-air interface with larger offset position, the offset between the planar feed plane and ideal focal arc, and unequal amplitude distribution along the radiating aperture with increasing offset position. The beam-tilting can achieved by introducing the asymmetric dielectric pin corrugated along the focal plane of the dielectric lens and the radiation pattern tilting is achieved in a full WR-12 band, 60-90 GHz. The objective of the article is to design an efficient lowprofile integrated metal-lens antenna (IMLA) with reduced scan loss.
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