Abstract
Intra-vehicle wireless communication applications, e.g. the wireless sensor network, are in need of antennas with uniformly radiated power for signal transmitting and receiving with their randomly distributed neighboring targets. This demand can be met with power quasi-isotropic antennas with low angular gain variation (GV). In this paper, two types of practical implementation for conventional U-shaped λ/4 resonators, which are supposed to have theoretically ideal (approaching zero) GV but have intrinsically low radiation resistance, have been proposed. One is a dual-layer U-shaped radiator. The extra added layer introduces a resonance that can be utilized for a good impedance matching with a commonly used 50 Ω feeding line. A two-element array model and the two-port network are used to show the working mechanism and design considerations. The other is a U-shaped RFID tag antenna, which can be considered as the miniaturized form of a U-shaped λ/4 resonator. With a structure evolution starting from a simple triple element model, the tag can have a good conjugate impedance matching with the terminated chip. Compared to their respective counterparts, both proposed antennas have the lowest measured GV. Meanwhile, their attracting features such as extremely low profile, small lateral size, light weight, simple configuration and fabrication process, and the possibility of a conformal implementation make them excellent candidates for future intra-vehicle wireless communications.
Highlights
Wireless connectivity will prevail in future vehicle communications with its internal and external environments [1]–[7]
Concepts such as vehicle-to-sensor on-board (V2S), invehicle infotainment (IVI), human-vehicle interconnection etc. all belong to typical intra-vehicle wireless applications, and they behave as important building blocks of the generation Internet of Vehicles (IoV) [1], [8]–[11]
Given the theoretically vanishing gain variation (GV) of a conventional U-shaped λ/4 resonator, we have proposed two designs as follows to make the radiator more practical, especially for the application of future intra-vehicle wireless communications
Summary
Wireless connectivity will prevail in future vehicle communications with its internal and external environments [1]–[7]. Concepts such as vehicle-to-sensor on-board (V2S), invehicle infotainment (IVI), human-vehicle interconnection etc. All belong to typical intra-vehicle wireless applications, and they behave as important building blocks of the generation Internet of Vehicles (IoV) [1], [8]–[11]. Reliability of the in-car communication has been demonstrated in our previous work with the help of the recently emerging time-reversal techniques, which is quite suitable for a rich multi-path environment [14]
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