Abstract
Using the coordinate transformation approach, low-profile material-embedded horizontal linear arrays are designed such that the embedded arrays perform identically to a vertical array of the same length in free space. A vertical array in free space is first rotated by a right angle using a transformation-based rotator. The height of the rotated array is subsequently reduced through a reflectionless compression procedure in the vertical direction. The resulting low-profile array can scan a narrow beam at large scan angles without having a broadening main beam, unlike a linear array in free space. Two transformation material designs are presented based on circular and square annular rotators. Numerical simulation results are provided to verify the scanning performance. The effect of material loss on the radiation pattern is examined numerically.
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