Low pressure voiding induced by stimulation and 1 kHz post-stimulation block of the pudendal nerves in cats

Abstract

The goal of this study is to induce low-pressure voiding by stimulation and bilateral 1 kHz post-stimulation block of the pudendal nerves. In anesthetized cats, wire hook electrodes were placed on the left and/or right pudendal nerves. Stimulus pulses (30 Hz, 0.2 ms) were applied to one pudendal nerve to induce a reflex bladder contraction and to produce contractions of the external urethral sphincter (EUS). High frequency (1 kHz) biphasic stimulation was applied to block axonal conduction in both pudendal nerves and block EUS activity. In 4 cats, a catheter was inserted into the distal urethra to perfuse and measure the back pressure caused by the EUS contraction. In another 5 cats, a catheter was inserted into the bladder dome and the urethra was left open to allow voiding. The 1 kHz stimulation (30–60 s, 0.5–5 mA) delivered via a wire hook electrode completely blocked pudendal nerve conduction for ≥2 min after terminating the stimulation, i.e., a post-stimulation block. The block gradually disappeared in 6–18 min. The block duration increased with increasing amplitude or duration of the 1 kHz stimulation. Without the 1 kHz block, 30 Hz stimulation alone induced high-pressure (90 cmH2O) voiding. When combined with the 1 kHz block, the 30 Hz stimulation induced low-pressure (≤50 cmH2O) voiding with a high voiding efficiency (80%). In summary, a minimally invasive surgical approach might be developed to restore voiding function after spinal cord injury by stimulation and block of the pudendal nerves using lead electrodes.