Abstract
Sealing integrity of O-rings at low pressures is studied. For a given squeeze, this is found to be independent of hardness (modulus), i.e., squeeze alone determines the degree of infilling and the resulting leakage path geometry for a particular surface finish. Relationships for footprint width and contact pressure as functions of squeeze, size and modulus are presented and correlated with other published results. Infilling of rubber into typical sawtooth machining finishes is calculated, measured and presented as a function of O-ring squeeze, independent of rubber hardness. Sealing can be improved by increasing the squeeze (greater infilling) or the O-ring cord diameter (greater leakage path length), or by reducing the steepness and roughness height of the finish. Sealing is limited by an O-ring's upper limit of squeeze, a test methodology to find this is described. Results are presented for a particular fluorocarbon rubber, showing significant permanent damage beginning at about 45 percent squeeze. Vari...
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