Abstract
In the last decade, unceasing interest in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has been noted, especially in aqueous dispersion systems. Emulsion or miniemulsion is a preferred environment for industrial polymerization due to easier heat dissipation and lower production costs associated with the use of water as a dispersant. The main purpose of this review is to summarize ATRP methods used in emulsion media with different variants of initiating systems. A comparison of a dual over single catalytic approache by interfacial and ion pair catalysis is presented. In addition, future development directions for these methods are suggested for better use in biomedical and electronics industries.
Highlights
Nowadays, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is one of the most certain and versatile route for preparing well-defined polymers with precise topology and architecture [1,2,3,4,5]
ATRP techniques in dispersed media are especially beneficial for obtaining multifunctional polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD, Mw /Mn, Đ) and a predetermined molecular weight (MW), as segregation and compartmentalization decrease the rate of termination processes [47,48,49]
All of the mentioned ATRP techniques enable the use of a low quantity of catalyst accompanied by a good control over the polymerization and the preparation of well-defined final products with a narrow molecular weight distribution
Summary
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is one of the most certain and versatile route for preparing well-defined polymers with precise topology and architecture [1,2,3,4,5]. Polymerizations could be carried out in various media, including homogeneous systems (bulk or solution) or biphasic heterogeneous systems (suspension, emulsion, miniemulsion) [50]. Various polymer structures, including block [27,54], star [55,56,57] and brush [58,59,60], were synthesized in water-dispersed media (microemulsion [61,62,63], miniemulsion [64,65,66], and emulsion [67,68,69,70]). ATRP mechanisms with low ppm catalysts concentrations ** proposed future direction). with low ppm catalysts concentrations
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