Low power laser efficacy in the therapy of periodontitis

Abstract

Background. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of periodontal tissues and is one of the most widespread diseases. It represents a huge problem with increasing importance. Modern therapy of periodontitis includes the classic treatment methods, surgery and the latest laser technology. Particularly important is that low level laser therapy is completely painless, non-invasive and without harmful effect. The aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of low level laser therapy as an adjunct to the basic treatment of periodontitis. Material and Method. The study was conducted on 50 patients with periodontitis and clinical symptoms of gingival inflammation. During the first visit, periodontal indices were measured: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) periodontal Ramford index (PDI); dental plaque and tartar were removed and periodontal pockets were treated. Consequently, the right side of the jaws (group A) was treated with GaAlAs laser (Mils 94, 670 nm, 5 mW, 14 min). Laser therapy was left out on the left side the jaw of each patient (group B), in order to compare the effect of treatment with and without laser. After the first, third and fifth treatment, GI and PI were measured, and one month after finished therapy GI, Pi and PDI were measured again. Results. Comparing the mean values of indices in relation to the value before the therapy, the reduction was observed and was more pronounced on the lased side of the jaws. Comparing the mean indices values between groups, lower values were noticed on the lased compared to the non-lased side. Conclusion. Low-power lasers are effective in the elimination of gingival inflammation and improvement of periodontal health. They can be recommended as an adjunct to the basic periodontal therapy.