Abstract
In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly increased the number of Internet connections to a large number of objects in different domains, including industry, homes and transportation. The LoRaWAN developed by the LoRa Alliance is a long-range wide area network specification suitable for an IoT environment due to its low-power communication. It provides a star-of-stars topology, well-defined MAC layer protocol and three communication modes to further lower its power consumption and employs the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) cryptography and several session keys to increase its network security. However, for battery powered IoT end nodes, the AES encryption process consumes some amounts of power owing to involving multiple cycles of repetition. To solve this problem, in this study, we propose a low power consumed AES encryption architecture, named Low-Power AES Data Encryption Architecture (LPADA), which reduces the power consumed by the AES for data encryption by using low power SBox, power gating technique and power management method. A key updating procedure is also proposed to increase the security of the session-key renewal. The system is simulated using the Synopsys library with five different supply voltages. The experimental results show that 62.0% of dynamic power reduction and 88.5% of leakage power lowering have been achieved compared to the power consumed by traditional AES data encryption. The security analysis also shows that the key updating procedure for the LPADA enables mutual authentication between end nodes and application servers, and resists replay attacks and eavesdropping attacks from hackers.
Highlights
Numerous Internet of things (IoT) based applications have been developed, including production logistics synchronization systems [1], smart factories [2], smart cities [3], healthcare [4] and smart grids [5]
This study proposes a low-power security scheme, called Low-Power Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Data Encryption Architecture (LPADA), to reduce the power consumed by AES
The LPADA reduces 62.0% of dynamic power consumption, 88.5% of static power, and −38.8% of computational latency compared to a traditional AES architecture
Summary
Numerous Internet of things (IoT) based applications have been developed, including production logistics synchronization systems [1], smart factories [2], smart cities [3], healthcare [4] and smart grids [5]. Tsai et al.: LPADA for a LoRaWAN such as long battery life for end nodes, massive connected IoT devices and low device cost. The latter developed by the LoRa Alliance uses unlicensed bands and the LoRa physical layer to define IoT communication protocols and network topology. The AES, which involves multiple cycles of repetition to perform one encryption consumes much energy for a battery-powered end node [17], [18]. 1. Three low power techniques are used to implement an AES encryption/decryption hardware so as to significantly reduce the power consumed by the LoRaWAN end nodes.
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
