Low Plasma Hdl Cholesterol and Elevated C Reactive Protein further Increase Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Latinos with Type 2 Diabetes

Mariana C Calle,Jeff S Volek,Sofia Segura-Pérez,Sonia Vega-López,Rafael Pérez-Escamilla

doi:10.4172/2155-6156.1000109

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine whether low plasma HDL and high C reactive protein (CRP) concentrations would further increase cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Latinos with poorly controlled type-2 diabetes, already at high risk for CVD. Subjects (n = 68) were grouped into High-HDL (≥ or 1.03 or 1.3 mmol/L) or Low-HDL (<1.03 or 1.3 mmol/L) for men and women, respectively. Following classification, risk factors for CVD including apolipoproteins, lipoprotein size and subfraction distribution were assesed. Similarly, participants were divided according to their CRP levels (≥ or < 3mg/L) and key inflammatory markers as well as leptin and adiponectin were analyzed. The Low-HDL group had higher concentrations of the atherogenic particles, large and medium VLDL and the smaller LDL subfractions compared to the High-HDL group (p<0.001). Consistently, VLDL diameter was larger and LDL diameter smaller in the Low HDL group (p<0.001). The High-CRP group had larger waist circumference (p<0.001) and body mass index (p<0.001) than the Low-CRP group. Leptin was also higher in the High- CRP group (p< 0.01). These data suggest that Latinos with type-2 diabetes having either Low-HDL or High-CRP concentrations are at a higher risk for atherosclerosis and CVD than their counterparts who have High-HDL or Low-CRP.

Highlights

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death in the US despite the efforts in prevention and treatment [1]
In this study we have demonstrated that in Latinos diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, high HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) as well as lower concentrations of C reactive protein (CRP) appear to be somewhat protective in this population already at risk for CVD
Results from this study indicate that individuals with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and healthy HDL concentrations appear to be more protected against CVD risk as indicated by the lower number of atherogenic particles including large and medium VLDL as well as small LDL

Summary

Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death in the US despite the efforts in prevention and treatment [1]. Low plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) is consistently associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic disease [2]. In addition to the well defined role in reverse cholesterol transport, HDL has other protective functions. In healthy individuals HDL has anti-thrombotic[3], antioxidant [4] anti-inflammatory [5] and nitric oxide dependent vascular relaxation effects [6]. Individuals diagnosed with diabetes have low levels or impaired HDL metabolism [7]. The lack of these protective effects is one of the factors increasing their CVD risk

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Conclusion