Abstract
Low-output heart failure: A review of clinical status and meta-analysis of diagnosis and clinical management methods
Highlights
Despite remarkable advancements in medical and surgical therapies, effective management of heart failure (HF) continues to pose significant challenges to healthcare providers
The traditional description of HF has been almost synonymous with congestive heart failure (CHF) yet the term CHF excludes a minority of HF patients who have little or no demonstrable symptoms of pulmonary and/or peripheral congestion [2]
In addition to patient history, physical examination is recommended to all Low-output heart failure (LoHF) patients to assess for clinical indicators for hemodynamic, peripheral perfusion, congestion, underlying aetiology and valvular pathology
Summary
Despite remarkable advancements in medical and surgical therapies, effective management of heart failure (HF) continues to pose significant challenges to healthcare providers. Part of the challenge is very heterogeneous aetiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentations of different forms of HF, in which some HF forms have a paucity of clinical trial data and a limited understanding. Symptomatic and pathophysiological differences in CHF and LoHF support the need for different clinical management approaches [3]. Despite these differences, traditional HF therapies have been generalized to all forms of HF including CHF and LoHF, creating a clinical need to understand the pathophysiology, diagnosis and clinical management of LoHF. We aggregate published evidence on LoHF in terms of epidemiology, aetiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and clinical management. The intention is to revamp the knowledge of the clinical status of LoHF as well as improve clinical management of HF in general
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