Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Effect on Dental Pulp Stem Cells In Vitro.

Jan Schmidt,Tomas Soukup,Nela Pilbauerova,Tereza Suchankova-Kleplova,Jakub Suchanek

doi:10.3390/biom11010022

Jan Schmidt, Tomas Soukup + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11010022

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Abstract

Hyaluronic acid (HA) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are attractive research topics, and their combined use in the field of tissue engineering seems to be very promising. HA is a natural extracellular biopolymer found in various tissues, including dental pulp, and due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability, it is also a suitable scaffold material. However, low molecular weight (LMW) fragments, produced by enzymatic cleavage of HA, have different bioactive properties to high molecular weight (HMW) HA. Thus, the impact of HA must be assessed separately for each molecular weight fraction. In this study, we present the effect of three LMW-HA fragments (800, 1600, and 15,000 Da) on DPSCs in vitro. Discrete biological parameters such as DPSC viability, morphology, and cell surface marker expression were determined. Following treatment with LMW-HA, DPSCs initially presented with an acute reduction in proliferation (p < 0.0016) and soon recovered in subsequent passages. They displayed significant size reduction (p = 0.0078, p = 0.0019, p = 0.0098) while maintaining high expression of DPSC markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90). However, in contrast to controls, a significant phenotypic shift (p < 0.05; CD29, CD34, CD90, CD106, CD117, CD146, CD166) of surface markers was observed. These findings provide a basis for further detailed investigations and present a strong argument for the importance of HA scaffold degradation kinetics analysis.

Highlights

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an acidic, non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan with a repeating disaccharide structure of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine
High dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) viability was maintained across all groups, and no negative impact of low molecular weight (LMW)-HA on cell viability was observed
Theviability viability of DPSCs the DPSCs in control/experimental medium 1 (E1)/experimental medium 2 (E2)/experimental medium 3 (E3) order control/E1/E2/E3 was as Line follows: Line 1: The of the in order was as follows: 1: 89.0/96.9/

Summary

Introduction

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an acidic, non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan with a repeating disaccharide structure of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. From these simple dimers, long linear polymer chains counting thousands of repetitions and a molecular weight ranging up to 10 MDa are formed [1]. As a ubiquitous component of bacterial, fungal, and animal extracellular matrix with biocompatible and biodegradable properties, HA is considered a promising material for tissue engineering. HA is widely distributed in the human body and can be found in the umbilical cord, synovial fluid, dental pulp, vitreum, or epithelial and connective tissues [2,3]. While its main binding receptors are cluster determinant (CD) 44, receptor for hyaluronate-mediated motility (RHAMM), lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), HA affects cell motility, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation [5,6]

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