Year-end Sale % OFF 
Abstract
Introduction: Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), a natural sulfated glycosaminoglycan with an affinity for proangiogenic factors, is produced by chemical or enzymatic depolymerization of unfractionated heparin (UFH). Known for its anticoagulant effects, LMWH has recently been reported to have a strong anti-inflammatory effect on colitis, myocarditis, and airway inflammation. However, as a newly-developed drug, its anti-inflammatory mechanism in upper respiratory tract inflammation has not been well-studied. Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group was established by building an acute nasal sinusitis model with expansion sponges mixed with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Then the experimental group rats were subcutaneously injected with different concentrations of LMWH. After seven consecutive days of injection, some rats were sacrificed, and blood and nasal mucosa samples were taken to determine their inflammation status. The remaining acute sinusitis rats were randomly selected for a week of nasal irrigation with normal saline or saline mixed with different concentrations of LMWH. One week later, rats were sacrificed, and samples of blood and nasal mucosa were taken to determine the inflammation status. Results: Rat nasal mucosa in the model group had obvious inflammation. The degree of nasal mucosa inflammation damage in the experimental group was lower than in the experimental control group, proving that LMWH has a protective effect on the nasal mucosa and that the effect correlates with dosage. Irrigation of the nose with saline mixed with LMWH can improve the anti-inflammatory effect. Protein related to the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway was activated in the acute sinusitis rat model, and LMWH can significantly inhibit its expression. Conclusion: This is the first report of the anti-inflammatory effect of LMWH in acute upper respiratory tract inflammation, together with an explanation of its anti-inflammatory mechanism. The findings contribute a theoretical basis for its potential anti-tumor effect.
Highlights
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), a natural sulfated glycosaminoglycan with an affinity for proangiogenic factors, is produced by chemical or enzymatic depolymerization of unfractionated heparin (UFH)
Symptoms of acute sinusitis such as scratching the nose, runny nose, drowsiness, and buccal respiration began to appear in the model group with nasal cavity expansion sponge mixed with Streptococcus pneumoniae after 3 days
Serum Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) results showed that the model group had a significant increase in inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and TNF-α compared with normal rats (Figure 1B)
Summary
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), a natural sulfated glycosaminoglycan with an affinity for proangiogenic factors, is produced by chemical or enzymatic depolymerization of unfractionated heparin (UFH). Known for its anticoagulant effects, LMWH has recently been reported to have a strong antiinflammatory effect on colitis, myocarditis, and airway inflammation. Heparin has advantages in treating sepsis due to its antiinflammatory and anticoagulant effects (Cornet et al, 2007; Zarychanski et al, 2015) It can be divided into unfractionated heparin (UFH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (Fan et al, 2016). LMWH is produced by chemical or enzymatic depolymerization of UFH (Yan et al, 2017; Yu et al, 2019) It is a promising heparin derivative because of its superior antithrombotic effect, better bioavailability, and lower risk of bleeding (Fan et al, 2016). LMWH has been reported to have a strong anti-inflammatory effect in various kinds of inflammation, such as colitis (Ahmad et al, 2021), myocarditis (Frizelle et al, 1992), and airway inflammation (Coyle et al, 1994). The antiinflammatory effect of LMWH and its mechanism on the upper respiratory tract, such as in acute sinusitis, has not been studied
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
