Abstract
In this study, a diabetic kidney disease model was established by placing the test rats on a high-sugar/high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin induction. Histopathological examination (H&E, Masson, and PASM stain) showed pathological changes in the diabetic rat kidneys, in addition to fibrotic symptoms and collagen deposition. Immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses indicated that the diabetic condition significantly increased the expressions of fibrotic markers including collagen, α-SMA, and fibronectin. The levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein were also increased in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) rat blood, while the level of high-density lipoprotein was decreased. The results of Oil red O staining experiments indicated that the kidneys of diabetic rats exhibited appreciable fat deposition, with high contents of triglyceride and cholesterol. To inhibit fibrosis and reduce fat deposition, low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) may be used. Based on PCR and western blot analyses, LMWF can regulate the expression levels of important lipid metabolism regulators, thereby impeding the development of kidney fibrosis. Through the vitro model, it also be indicated that LMWF could inhibit fibrosis process through regulating lipid metabolism which induced by palmitic acid.
Highlights
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney dysfunction
Research in the field of diabetes mellitus has revealed that kidney fibrosis symptoms caused by diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are closely related to lipid metabolism
Diabetic rats kept in a state of hyperglycemia for a long time show disorders in the functions of fat synthesis and liver transport, which eventually leads to the ectopic deposition of fat in the kidneys
Summary
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney dysfunction. In China, DKD is more common than glomerular nephritis, and on a global level, DKD patients constitute one-third of all chronic kidney disease patients [1, 2]. According to the annual scientific report on kidney disease in China published in April 2019, DKDinduced uremia will peak in the 10–20 years, which will heavily burden the medical and health systems in the country [3]. The incidence and mortality rates of chronic kidney disease are expected to increase [1, 2], especially considering the scarcity of effective treatments and drugs. Continuous hyperglycemia may lead to microangiopathy, increased kidney vascular pressure, altered morphology and structure of the kidney, DKD, and kidney fibrosis. Recent studies have shown that animals suffering from diabetes mellitus tend to develop
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