Low-moisture part-skim mozzarella cheese made from blends of camel and bovine milk: Gross composition, proteolysis, functionality, microstructure, and rheological properties.

Abstract

Camel (CM) milk is used in variety of ways; however, it has inferior gelling properties compared with bovine milk (BM). In this study, we aimed to investigate the physicochemical, functional, microstructural, and rheological properties of low-moisture part-skim (LMPS) mozzarella cheese, made from BM, or BM mixed with 15% CM (CM15%) or 30% CM (CM30%), at various time points (up to 60 d) of storage at 4°C after manufacture. Low-moisture part-skim mozzarella cheeses using CM15% and CM30% had high moisture and total Ca contents, but lower soluble Ca content. Compared with BM cheese, CM15% and CM30% LMPS mozzarella cheese exhibited higher proteolysis rates during storage. Adding CM affected the color properties of LMPS mozzarella cheese manufactured from mixed milk. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the microstructure of CM15% and CM30% cheeses had smooth surfaces, whereas the BM cheese microstructures were rough with granulated surfaces. Low-moisture part-skim mozzarella cheeses using CM15% and CM30% showed significantly lower hardness and chewiness, but higher stringiness than BM cheese. Compared with BM cheese, CM15% and CM30% cheeses showed lower tan δ levels during temperature surges, suggesting that the addition of CM increased the meltability of LMPS mozzarella cheese during temperature increases. Camel milk addition affected the physicochemical, microstructural, and rheological properties of LMPS mozzarella cheese.