Abstract
We developed a low-mode-crosstalk coupler using silica planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology. The coupler has two mode conversion stages. One is a mode converter for converting the fundamental mode to the second-order mode, and the other is for converting the second-order mode to the first-order mode, which is the target mode. Isolation between fundamental mode and first-order mode can be enhanced by using indirect conversion with the second-order mode instead of direct conversion. In the fabricated coupler, the mode crosstalk between the fundamental mode and first-order mode was under -30 dB, and the conversion ratio was -0.8 dB at the wavelength of 1050 nm. The coupler can be used for sensitive 1 μm-band mode-detection optical time-domain reflectometry.
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