Abstract
Leaf senescence, as an integral part of the final development stage for plants, primarily remobilizes nutrients from the sources to the sinks in response to different stressors. The premature senescence of leaves is a critical challenge that causes significant economic losses in terms of crop yields. Although low light causes losses of up to 50% and affects rice yield and quality, its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly elucidated. Darkness-mediated premature leaf senescence is a well-studied stressor. It initiates the expression of senescence-associated genes (SAGs), which have been implicated in chlorophyll breakdown and degradation. The molecular and biochemical regulatory mechanisms of premature leaf senescence show significant levels of redundant biomass in complex pathways. Thus, clarifying the regulatory mechanisms of low-light/dark-induced senescence may be conducive to developing strategies for rice crop improvement. This review describes the recent molecular regulatory mechanisms associated with low-light response and dark-induced senescence (DIS), and their effects on plastid signaling and photosynthesis-mediated processes, chloroplast and protein degradation, as well as hormonal and transcriptional regulation in rice.
Highlights
For about 65% of the world’s population, rice is a primary food source
Of rice in Asia grows as a rainy season crop, and is regularly exposed to low light intensity and efficiency at different stages of development [1,2]
The reduction in solar radiation caused by clouds affects the photosynthesis process [3,4], and this impact may be graded according to the length of short-term and long-term responses
Summary
For about 65% of the world’s population, rice is a primary food source. Almost 95%. The green color of normal plants is correlated with chloroplast pigments, which play a major role in solar energy absorption and photosynthesis. As they are the food factories of plants, chloroplasts are the primary nutrient site for remobilization to the sinks and newly growing organs during senescence, as they are the main source of leaf nitrogen content, and up to 70% of the leaf nitrogen is sequestered in the chloroplasts [8]. Light is an essential regulator of plant growth and development, in addition to being the fundamental energy source. Premature leaf senescence in rice is associated with plastid signaling and photosynthesis-mediated processes, the chloroplast and protein degradation pathways, as well as hormonal and transcriptional regulation
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