Low Levels of Serum Zinc Associate with Malnutrition Risk Assessed by the Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool in Cirrhosis.

Abstract

We have clarified that malnutrition risk evaluated by the Royal Free Hospital-Nutritional Prioritizing Tool (RFH-NPT) is prevalent in patients with cirrhosis. Mineral elements (zinc, iron, magnesium, copper, manganese, and calcium) are micronutrients essential for versatile physiological processes and cellular bioactivities. However, the association between these trace elements and integral nutritional status is unclear in decompensated cirrhotics. We collected blood samples from hospitalized patients with cirrhosis, and serum trace element concentrations were examined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Association of trace element levels with high malnutrition risk was determined by multivariate logistic regression model. Sera from 141 patients with decompensated cirrhosis were analyzed for a total of six trace element concentrations. No significant differences were observed between high and low/moderate RFH-NPT malnutrition risk groups with the exception of zinc. The serum zinc concentrations were significantly decreased in patients at high malnutrition risk when compared to low/moderate subjects (57.9 vs 68.1μg/dL, P = 0.006). In terms of receiver operating characteristics curve, zinc < 64μg/dL represented best discriminative capability with an area of 0.635 (95% CI: 0.542, 0.728). Patients in the group with zinc < 64μg/dL had elevated RFH-NPT and MELD score, higher proportion of Child-Pugh class C and ascites, higher CRP, lower albumin and sodium than in the group with zinc ≥ 64μg/dL. Zinc < 64μg/dL was an independent risk factor for high malnutrition risk. Low levels of serum zinc referring to less than 64μg/dL were associated with poor integral nutritional status in cirrhosis.