Low-level light therapy versus topical 5% minoxidil in the management of androgenetic alopecia in males: A randomised controlled trial

Abstract

BackgroundAndrogenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common non-scarring alopecia affecting men with progressive patterned hair loss and has significant impact on quality of life. Topical minoxidil and oral finasteride are approved for the management of AGA. Low-level light therapy (LLLT) has recently been approved for the management of AGA. Aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of LLLT with 5% minoxidil in male androgenetic alopecia. MethodsThis study was a single-blind randomised controlled trial which included 91 male patients during the study period. Group 1 included 48 patients receiving 5% topical minoxidil application twice daily for 6 months and Group 2 included 43 patients receiving LLLT with the wavelength of 633 ± 10 nm three sessions per week each of 10 min for 06 months. Patients were evaluated at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months with clinical photography and dermoscopy. The data was analysed using SPSS ver 20. ResultsOut of 91 enrolled, 75 completed the study (38 in group 1 and 37 in group 2). At the end of 6 months, 7(18.4%) showed no change, 20 (52.6%) showed mild to moderate growth, and 11 (28.9%) showed excellent growth in the minoxidil group. In the LLLT group; 10 (27%) showed no change, 21 (56.7%) showed mild to moderate growth and 6 (16.2%) showed excellent growth. The mean hair density in the minoxidil group at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months was 97.6 ± 21.6, 116.4 ± 20.4, and 134.6 ± 24, respectively. The mean hair density in the LLLT group at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months was 104.8 ± 22.7, 117.3 ± 25.1, and 130 ± 25.7, respectively. There was a statistically significant (p < 0.001) increase in hair density and improvement in clinical photography from baseline at 3 months and 6 months in both groups. There was no significant difference in the two groups at 3 and 6 months. ConclusionThe results of the LLLT group were comparable to the minoxidil group. No major adverse effects were found in the groups and can be used safely in the treatment of AGA.