Low-Level Laser Therapy Reduces Lung Inflammation in an Experimental Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Involving P2X7 Receptor.

Gabriel Da Cunha Moraes,Adriana Lino-Dos-Santos-Franco,Renata Kelly Da Palma,Rodolfo Paula Vieira,Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestine Horliana,Flavio Aimbire,Ana Paula Ligeiro-De-Oliveira,João Antonio Gimenes Júnior,Nicole Cristine Rigonato De Oliveira,Luana Beatriz Vitoretti,Auriléia Aparecida De Brito,Cintia Estefano Alves,Alana Dos Santos Dias,Luis Vicente Franco Oliveira,Yves Silva Teles Matos,Manoel Carneiro Oliveira-Junior,Larissa Carbonera Candeo

doi:10.1155/2018/6798238

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive disease characterized by irreversible airflow limitation, airway inflammation and remodeling, and enlargement of alveolar spaces. COPD is in the top five leading causes of deaths worldwide and presents a high economic cost. However, there are some preventive measures to lower the risk of developing COPD. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a new effective therapy, with very low cost and no side effects. So, our objective was to investigate if LLLT reduces pulmonary alterations in an experimental model of COPD. C57BL/6 mice were submitted to cigarette smoke for 75 days (2x/day). After 60 days to smoke exposure, the treated group was submitted to LLLT (diode laser, 660 nm, 30 mW, and 3 J/cm2) for 15 days and euthanized for morphologic and functional analysis of the lungs. Our results showed that LLLT significantly reduced the number of inflammatory cells and the proinflammatory cytokine secretion such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). We also observed that LLLT decreased collagen deposition as well as the expression of purinergic P2X7 receptor. On the other hand, LLLT increased the IL-10 release. Thus, LLLT can be pointed as a promising therapeutic approach for lung inflammatory diseases as COPD.

Highlights

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem and has been predicted to become the third cause of death in the world by 2020 [1]
Data obtained showed that cigarette smoke exposure in the COPD group promoted a significant increase in total leukocyte influx in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) (Figure 1(a)), as well as in the number of macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes (Figures 1(b)–1(d)), which was reduced by level laser therapy (LLLT)
The LLLT was capable to reestablish the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 that were reduced by the cigarette smoke exposure in the COPD group (Figure 3)

Summary

Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health problem and has been predicted to become the third cause of death in the world by 2020 [1]. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used clinically since 1981 in the treatment of patients with inflammatory pathologies [4]. It is a relatively new and promising approach, with very low cost, no invasiveness, and no side effects. Some studies have demonstrated that the application of LLLT for the treatment of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis accelerates the elimination of clinical symptoms, increases its efficiency, promotes drainage function of the bronchi, facilitates standardization of the immune status of the patient, and contributes to the optimization of lipid peroxidation [6, 7]

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Conclusion