Low Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint – (Short Review)

Abstract

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a collective term, characterized by symptoms involving muscles of mastication, TMJ and orofacial structures resulting from a dysfunction of the stomatognathic system. Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) which considered the major cause of non-dental facial pain, involve a wide range of symptoms in masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints (TMJ). Diagnosis is usually delayed due to the multifactorial etiology, and the lack of assessment devices and parameters. The Low-Level Laser LLLT is a noninvasive, quick and safe, non-pharmaceutical intervention that may be beneficial for patients with TMDs. However, the clinical efficiency of LLLT in the treatment of this kind of disorders is controversial. Low-level laser is considered a phototherapeutic alternative method, like the low-level laser, as an effective source for stimulating the anti-pain signals in the tissues due to their low-level waves and energies. The low-level lasers might cause the increased beta-endorphin content, decreased both bradykinin and histamine levels, and increased lymphatic flow to decreased inflammatory factors and the decreased pain-related factors. Conclusion: This review suggests that LLLT effectively relieves pain and improves functional outcomes in patients with TMD.