Abstract

The initial setup at millimeter-wave channels is especially challenging due to the severe propagation loss imposed on the channel gains. To overcome this loss, it is common to use large arrays and concentrate the radiated energy in certain directions through beamforming. During the initial setup process, the base station (BS) has no knowledge of the position and channel state of the user equipment (UE) in its coverage region. Therefore, it is necessary to transmit beams that cover this region, with each beam having sufficient array gain to allow for reliable communication between the BS and the UEs. At the same time, next-generation wireless networks should serve a large number of UEs with minimum latency. In our work, exploring the concept of the worst-case channel, we propose an algorithm that generates the transmitting beamforming codebook. This codebook minimizes the number of beams transmitted, resulting in reduced maximum latency while at the same time guaranteeing a minimal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) between BS and UEs. Simulation results are conducted to show the efficacy of the proposed beam codebook design, which illustrates latency reduction without sacrificing achievable SNR.

Highlights

  • I N RECENT years, we have seen a surge in the number of applications that rely on wireless connectivity

  • Millimeter-wave communication has been a topic of interest due to its potential to address the issue of the ever-growing demand for high data rates and massive user connectivity [2]

  • As for the non-convex constraints, we propose an algorithm inspired by the penalty convex concave procedure (CCP), which is discussed

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

I N RECENT years, we have seen a surge in the number of applications that rely on wireless connectivity. To fill in this gap, beamforming designs without CSI knowledge for initial access in mm-wave channels have recently been tackled, e.g., in [5]–[8] These articles focus on obtaining accurate channel estimates to improve data rates, they require a large number of channel uses, especially if the number of UEs is large, resulting in increased maximal latency. While other works such as [9]–[13] that focus on reducing beam sweeping overhead, they rely on some information about the actual UEs. In other words, latency aspects while satisfying required communication performance levels for a large number of UEs during initial access, and no previous knowledge of the channels have been insufficiently addressed. The operators AH, AT and [A]i,: denote the Hermitian, the transpose and the i-th column of matrix A

SYSTEM MODEL
Millimeter Wave Channels
Worst Case Channels
SWEEP STRATEGY
Beam Optimization
Post Processing
SIMULATIONS
Performance of Low-Latency Beam Codebook
Findings
Performance Over Real Channels
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