Low intake of β carotene and dietary fiber from vegetables and fruits in patients with chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) occasionally need to restrict their consumption of vegetables and fruits. However, recent evidence suggests that plant-based diets have beneficial effects in patients with CKD. We aimed to determine the sufficiency of β carotene and dietary fiber intake in patients with CKD. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 4476 patients registered in the Fukuoka Kidney Disease Registry (FKR) study, a Japanese prospective cohort study of patients with CKD. Data from 3545 patients were analyzed after excluding cases with insufficient information. We evaluated the relationship between CKD stages and the intake of vegetables and fruits. The intake of β carotene and dietary fiber in CKD stages was evaluated using analysis of covariance. As the CKD stage advanced, the intake of vegetables, green leafy vegetables, and fruits significantly decreased (P-value for all trends < 0.01). The intake of vegetables significantly decreased as the CKD stage advanced (P for trend < 0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, the intake of β carotene and dietary fiber also decreased (both P < 0.01) as the CKD stage advanced. Patients with CKD had insufficient vegetable and fruit intake and a lack of β carotene and dietary fiber from vegetables and fruits.