Abstract
This study integrates and develops methods, namely low impact development (LID) selection method and an LID spatial planning model, to enable decision-making to minimize pluvial flooding for a community. The objective is to minimize the flood risk under the worst case of the design storm within the budget constraints. Design storms in current and future climate scenarios are analyzed as input to the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). Then, LID practices are selected based on the proposed procedure and a spatial planning model is built to identify the optimal LID layouts using the simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. The lower and upper bounds of the generated rainfall intensities of a five-year 1-h duration design storms for the Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 2 for the atmosphere and oceans (HadGEM2-AO), the Norwegian Earth System Model (NorESM1-ME), and the CSIRO-Mk3.6.0 Atmosphere-Ocean GCM (CSIRO-Mk3.6.0) during 2021–2040 are derived. The LID selection helps efficiently identify appropriate LID. Results show that nearly no flood occurs under the optimal LID layouts found by the LID spatial planning model. Moreover, it is more optimal to invest in LID in the lower sub-catchments in LID planning when the budget is limited. These methods are generally applicable for a community using LIDs as adaptation measures against pluvial flooding.
Highlights
Many densely populated cities are flood-prone, and existing infrastructure may not be resilient enough facing the increased peak flows that may occur with climate change [1]
This study focuses on pluvial flooding, under climate change conditions under the high-end scenario RCP 8.5 in the near-term future during 2021–2040
Because this study focuses on extreme storm events, the average of three maximum increased percentages of the monthly precipitation from HadGEM2-AO, NorESM1-ME, and CSIRO-Mk 3.6.0 in wet seasons (May to October) is evaluated to estimate the worst future climate scenario
Summary
Many densely populated cities are flood-prone, and existing infrastructure may not be resilient enough facing the increased peak flows that may occur with climate change [1]. To achieve more sustainable land use practices against floods, small-scale source-control structures have received more attention in recent years over traditional engineered defenses [4,5,6,7]. These source-control structures disperse the perviousness in the developed area and retain storm water at its source, resulting in decreased surface runoff, lower peak flow rates, and eventual reduction of the flood [8]. Appropriate design of LIDs prevents pluvial floods and provides more livable space
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