Abstract
BackgroundLow glycemic foods are beneficial for people with type II diabetes. At the same time, sustained glucose release is also beneficial for people suffering from glycogen storage diseases. Taro (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) is a tuber indigenous to Indonesia, which has starch as the major storage carbohydrate.ObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to determine the speed of digestion of native and modified taro starch, compared to free glucose and wheat starch.DesignThis was investigated in a validated, dynamic computer-controlled in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine (TIM-1). Samples were taken from the dialysate, which reflected glucose absorbed in the blood stream.ResultsNative taro starch showed a ~1.5-fold reduced digestibility compared to glucose and a ~ 1.35-fold compared to wheat starch. In addition, digestion of native taro starch was moved towards the ileum, and later in time compared to glucose and wheat. With modified taro starch, these effects were not observed.ConclusionIn conclusion, native taro starch showed a lower glycemic load than wheat starch and modified taro starch and could be used as a substitute for refined foods by diabetics and people suffering from other glucose metabolic diseases.
Highlights
Low glycemic foods are beneficial for people with type II diabetes
We show that in TIM-1 native starch from the taro-tuber is slowly digested and leads to sustained blood glucose levels
Native taro starch showed a ~1.5-fold reduced digestibility compared to glucose and a ~ 1.35-fold compared to wheat starch
Summary
Low glycemic foods are beneficial for people with type II diabetes. At the same time, sustained glucose release is beneficial for people suffering from glycogen storage diseases. Objective: The aim of the current study was to determine the speed of digestion of native and modified taro starch, compared to free glucose and wheat starch. Results: Native taro starch showed a ~1.5-fold reduced digestibility compared to glucose and a ~ 1.35-fold compared to wheat starch. Digestion of native taro starch was moved towards the ileum, and later in time compared to glucose and wheat. Conclusion: In conclusion, native taro starch showed a lower glycemic load than wheat starch and modified taro starch and could be used as a substitute for refined foods by diabetics and people suffering from other glucose metabolic diseases
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