Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease whose prevalence is growing worldwide. Consumption of desserts with low glycemic index (GI) and low glycemic load (GL) in a balanced hypocaloric diet has a positive impact on anthropometric and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the glycemic and insulinemic response after consumption of desserts with low GI/GL in patients with T2DM. Fifty-one patients consumed either 83 g of the conventional dessert or 150 g of the low GI/GL dessert in random order after an overnight fast. Serum glucose, triglycerides, and insulin were measured at baseline (immediately before ingestion) and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min postprandially. Subjective appetite measurements were performed using visual analog scales (VASs). There were significant differences at 30 (p = 0.014), 60 (p < 0.001), and 90 min (p < 0.001) postprandially between the two desserts for glucose and at 30 (p = 0.014) and 60 min (p = 0.033) postprandially for insulin. Glucose iAUC was significantly lower in low-GI/GL dessert compared to control (p < 0.001). Serum triglycerides and insulin iAUC did not differ between the two trials. Fullness VAS ratings were significantly higher after consumption of the low-GI/GL dessert compared to conventional dessert. Likewise, hunger, additional food, and additional food quantity VAS ratings were significantly lower after the consumption of the low-GI/GL dessert compared to control. Consumption of low-GI/GL dessert indicates a positive impact on metabolic parameters in T2DM patients.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease whose prevalence is growing worldwide
Hunger, additional food, and additional food quantity visual analog scales (VASs) ratings were significantly lower after the consumption of the low-glycemic index (GI)/glycemic load (GL) dessert compared to control
There was no significant difference in baseline serum glucose levels between the two trials
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease whose prevalence is growing worldwide. Some 425 million people worldwide, or 8.8% of adults aged 20–79 years, are estimated to have diabetes. In high-income countries, approximately 87% to 91% of all people with diabetes are estimated to have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). By 2045, if this trend continues, 693 million people aged 18–99 years, or 629 million people aged 20–79 years, will have diabetes [1]. The primary symptom of diabetes mellitus is elevated blood glucose levels; tight glycemic control has been shown to prevent and delay associated acute and long-term complications [2]. Lifestyle management is a fundamental aspect of diabetes care and includes diabetes self-management education, diabetes self-management support, nutrition therapy, physical activity, smoking cessation counseling, and psychosocial care [3]
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