Abstract
Background Cannabinoid system affects memory and has anticonvulsant effects in epileptic models. In the current study, the role of cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors was investigated in amelioration of the effects of low-frequency stimulation (LFS) on learning and memory impairments in kindled rats. Methods Electrical stimulation of the hippocampal CA1 area was employed to kindle the animals. LFS was applied to the CA1 area in four trials following the last kindling stimulation. One group of animals received intraperitoneal injection of AM251 (0.1 μg/rat), a CB1 receptor antagonist, before the LFS application. Similarly, CB1 agonist WIN55-212-2 (WIN) was administrated to another group prior to LFS. The Morris water maze (MWM) and the novel object recognition (NOR) tests were executed 48 h after the last kindling stimulation to assess learning and memory. Results Applying LFS in the kindled+LFS group restored learning and memory impairments in the kindled rats. There was a significant difference between the kindled and the kindled+LFS groups in learning and memory. The application of AM251 reduced the LFS effects significantly. Adversely, WIN acted similarly to LFS and alleviated learning and memory deficits in the kindled+WIN group. In addition, WIN did not counteract the LFS enhancing effects in the KLFS+WIN group. Conclusions Improving effects of LFS on learning and memory impairments are mediated through the activation of the endocannabinoid (ECB) system.
Highlights
Cannabinoid system affects memory and has anticonvulsant effects in epileptic models
Considering anticonvulsant effects of ECB receptors and the effectiveness of low-frequency stimulation (LFS) in the treatment of epilepsy, we have tried to investigate the role of cannabinoid 1 (CB1) in the amelioration of the effects of LFS on learning and memory impairments induced by kindled seizures in rats
Our main finding is that the improving effects of LFS on learning and memory impairments are mediated through the activation of the ECB system (CB1), in agreement with other studies [16]
Summary
Cannabinoid system affects memory and has anticonvulsant effects in epileptic models. The role of cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors was investigated in amelioration of the effects of low-frequency stimulation (LFS) on learning and memory impairments in kindled rats. WIN acted to LFS and alleviated learning and memory deficits in the kindled+WIN group. Electrical kindling is one of the frequently used models to induce epilepsy in rats in order to study various antiepileptic drugs [2]. Kindling effect is described as the occurrence of after discharges and behavioral seizures due to repetitive electrical stimulation of the limbic brain structures [3, 4]
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