Low frequency dispersion of ferroelectric hysteresis in 1–3 Pb 0.95La 0.05TiO 3/polymer ferroelectric composites

Abstract

The ferroelectric hysteresis area as a function of frequency and amplitude of the external electric field, i.e. hysteresis dispersion, is measured for 1–3 Pb 0.95La 0.05TiO 3/polymer composites by utilizing the Sawyer–Tower circuit. The frequency varies from 10 −2 to 10 4 Hz and the amplitude range is 3–44 kV cm −1. Given a field amplitude E 0, the hysteresis area 〈 A〉 first grows and then decays with increasing frequency f. Over the low and high (lower than 10 MHz for device performance) frequency ranges, the area 〈 A〉 can be separately scaled as 〈 A〉∝ f 1/3 E 0 2/3 and 〈 A〉∝ f −1 E 0 2. In addition, the remnant polarization P r and coercive field E c as functions of f are investigated, respectively, revealing a single-peaked pattern for both P r and E c.