Low-Field Microwave-Free Magnetometry Using the Dipolar Spin Relaxation of Quartet Spin States in Silicon Carbide

Abstract

Paramagnetic defects and nuclear spins are the major sources of magnetic-field-dependent spin relaxation in point-defect quantum bits. The detection of related optical signals has led to the development of advanced relaxometry applications with high spatial resolution. The nearly degenerate quartet ground state of the silicon-vacancy qubit in silicon carbide ($\mathrm{SiC}$) is of special interest in this respect, as it gives rise to relaxation-rate extrema at vanishing magnetic field values and emits in the first near-infrared transmission window of biological tissues, providing an opportunity for the development of sensing applications for medicine and biology. However, the relaxation dynamics of the silicon-vacancy center in $\mathrm{SiC}$ have not yet been fully explored. In this paper, we present results from a comprehensive theoretical investigation of the dipolar spin relaxation of the quartet spin states in various local spin environments. We discuss the underlying physics and quantify the magnetic field and spin-bath-dependent relaxation time ${T}_{1}$. Using these findings, we demonstrate that the silicon-vacancy qubit in $\mathrm{SiC}$ can implement microwave-free low-magnetic-field quantum sensors of great potential.