Abstract
This book compares low fertility and population aging of Japan with those of Eastern Asian countries including the Republic of Korea (“Korea” hereafter), the Republic of China (“Taiwan” hereafter) and the People’s Republic of China (“China” hereafter). Korea recorded a Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of 1.08 in 2005, and Taiwan 0.895 in 2010. While these are astonishing figures rarely observed in other parts of the world, Japan’s low record TFR of 1.26 in 2005 was around the average of Southern/Eastern European countries that had experienced lowest-low fertility (Kohler et al. 2002) in the 1990s. Patterns of fertility decline and their covariates in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan are examined in Sect. 2. Demographic analysis on “tempo distortion” and decomposition into nuptiality and marital fertility are followed by an examination of proximate determinants and socioeconomic factors, including demand for children, the cost of childrearing, labor market condition, and female labor force participation.
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