Low-dose aspirin increases olfactory sensitivity in association with enhanced neurogenesis and reduced activity of AChE in the experimental aging mice

Abstract

This study examined the effect of aspirin on olfactory discrimination and neurogenesis in experimental aging mice. The results from the buried food test (BFT) and odour preference test (OPT) indicated that aspirin treatment enhanced the olfactory functions in the experimental animals. The immunohistochemical assessment revealed increased amounts of doublecortin (DCX)-positive immature neurons and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)/neuronal nuclei (NeuN) double-positive new neurons in the olfactory bulb (OB) of aspirin-treated animals compared to the control group. Besides, aspirin treatment resulted in a decreased number of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule (Iba)-1 positive microglia, a main cellular element of neuroinflammation in the brain compared to the control group. In addition, the increased activities of key antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in OB of the aspirin-treated mice were evident. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a key enzyme that hydrolyses acetylcholine (ACh), an important neurotransmitter, involved in cognition, and olfaction. While the enhanced activity of AChE has been linked to the severity of dementia and OB defects, the biochemical assessments indicated reduced activity of AChE in OB-derived homogenates of the aspirin-treated experimental animals than that of the control group. Taken together, this study validates the proneurogenic, cholinergic, and anti-neuroinflammatory properties of aspirin in the OB which can be considered in boosting neural regeneration and management of olfactory deficits in aging and various disorders.