Low dispersion nonlinear polarization maintaining Photonic Crystal Fiber using hybrid cladding

Abstract

This paper presents and explores a new design hybrid cladding of nonlinear Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) with both very low dispersion and improved birefringence in a broad range of wavelength bands. The fundamental mode of birefringence and dispersion for such a PCF is analyzed numerically using the finite element method (FEM) with perfectly matched layer. Our proposed designed PCF contains a finite number of circular and elliptical air holes that are linearly placed to a straight line in a circle of boundary. It is demonstrated that our hybrid PCF can be used for different sensors and telecommunication applications cause it offers 0.0004 to 0.0009 birefringence and low dispersion (-4 to 8) ps/(km·nm) and nonlinear coefficient 7.8 to 3.7 W <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> km <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> for a wide wavelength range 1.15 to 1.65 μm. Moreover our proposed design gives confinement loss 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7.5</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5.7</sup> (dB/km) and effective area 1.45 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> 1 to 2.1×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-11</sup> μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> within this wide wavelength range.