Abstract
In the present work, and for the first time, totally biosourced low-density particleboards were produced using cardoon particles (a no added value by-product from the Portuguese cheese making industry), bound with a potato starch adhesive. Different starch/cardoon ratios (0.6, 0.8, 1 and 1.2) were tested and the effect of different bio-based additives (chitosan, wood fiber and glycerol) on the performance of the adhesive system was evaluated. The best result was obtained for a formulation with a starch/cardoon mass ratio of 0.8, a chitosan/starch mass ratio of 0.05 and a water/starch mass ratio of 1.75. The particleboards produced had a density of 323 kg·m−3, internal bond strength of 0.35 N·mm−2 and thickness swelling of 15.2%. The values of density and internal bond strength meet the standard requirements of general-purpose lightweight boards for use in dry conditions according to CEN/TS 16368 specification. Moreover, the susceptibility of the formulations with best results was established against subterranean termites and one decay fungi.
Highlights
Particleboards are wood-based panels produced from wood particles and/or other lignocellulosic material, bonded with an adhesive system under pressure and heat
The particleboards produced with starch/cardoon ratio of
Considering variability, the results indicate that the panels based on cardoon and starch show a level of attack by the observed variability, the results indicate that the panels based on cardoon and starch show a level termites similar to maritime pine wood
Summary
Particleboards are wood-based panels produced from wood particles and/or other lignocellulosic material, bonded with an adhesive system under pressure and heat. The adhesives used in the production of particleboards are based in formaldehyde in combination with urea and/or melamine or phenol, due to their good adhesive performance, high reactivity and lower price [2,3,4]. The adhesive industry has been searching for alternatives that are more sustainable, eco-friendly and less dependent of fossil resources, while guaranteeing good bonding performance and economic viability [5]. Starch has been one of the most studied natural products due to its low cost, biodegradability, renewability and good binding properties, in particular for cellulosic substrates [6,7,8,9].
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