Abstract
A simple, low-cost yet efficient polarization sensing system, capable of determining the polarization state of a self-oscillating circularly-polarized active integrated antenna (CPAIA), is proposed and demonstrated. The newly developed sensing system is capable of retrieving the phase difference information between the orthogonal field components of a CPAIA without the need of a common synchronous reference signal as that in a conventional pattern measuring system. The two orthogonal electrical fields are captured and mixed to retrieve the relative phase difference information as dc voltages. As a proof of concept, the polarization sensing system has been successfully developed on a printed circuit board, while a typical passive circularly-polarized antenna and a self-oscillating CPAIA were fabricated as a pair of antennas under test (AUTs). On one hand, the passive AUT characterized by the sensing system was supported by data from a commercial measuring setup to validating the accuracy of the newly developed system. On the other hand, the proposed sensing system is believed to be the first demonstration dedicated to retrieving the polarization information of a self-oscillating CPAIA, and hence pave a new way to fully characterize this special sort of active antennas.
Highlights
Self-oscillating active integrated antennas (AIAs), capable of converting dc power to electromagnetic waves for direct radiation to space, have found commercial and military applications
To fill up the long-existing gap, for the first time, we propose a simple and low-cost polarization sensing system capable of determining the polarization state of an arbitrary self-oscillating AIA in the far-field region
Without the need of a synchronous reference signal between the transmitting and receiving units, the sensing system is capable of converting the phase difference between the received vertical and horizontal field components into a dc voltage, which can be readily measured by a voltmeter or oscilloscope
Summary
Self-oscillating active integrated antennas (AIAs), capable of converting dc power to electromagnetic waves for direct radiation to space, have found commercial and military applications. With the amplitude and phase information specified, the axial ratio, as well as a full characterization of the polarization of an oscillating AUT, can be uniquely determined without the need of a synchronous reference signal It complements current commercial measuring systems when characterizing active antennas. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE With the basic principle and motivation in mind, Fig. 2 depicts the architecture of the proposed sensing system for characterizing the polarization of an oscillating AIA It comprises a dual-polarized antenna for capturing the orthogonal fields, a pair of identical low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) for amplifying the received signals, an amplitude detecting module, and a phase detecting module connected in cascade. The designs of amplitude and phase detecting modules, as well as auxiliary components, will be detailed along with their electrical responses prior to the final integration
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