Low-Cost N-Rich Graphitic Carbon Nitride Infused with Anionic Micellar Solution Sensor for Highly Sensitive Voltammetric Determination of Vasodilator Drug Hydralazine Hydrochloride

Abstract

In this report, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were utilised to evaluate Hydralazine hydrochloride (HHC), a direct-acting vasodilator type of medication which relaxes blood arteries and boosts the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart, minimizing the heart’s stress. Blood pressure symptoms are common in these days and the usage of these drugs in market is great in proportion. Utilising a sodium dodecyl sulphate at synthesised graphitic carbon nitride carbon paste electrode (SDS@g-C3N4-BCPE) for the electro sensing of HHC. For the evaluation of electrode modification, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), SEM, AFM and EDX were used. The low-cost synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was characterised using XRD, FTIR, and SEM with EDX. Under different phosphate buffer solutions, the HHC demonstrates one oxidation peak between −0.4 to 0.7 V potential, with pH 7.0 yielding the best results. An electro-oxidation mechanism has been postulated as a possible route. The DPV was used to perform a quantitative examination of HHC. The linearity range was determined to be between 0.8 −10μM. The LOD and LOQ were 1.9 × 10−8 M and 6.5 × 10−8 M, correspondingly, and outperformed previous approaches. Furthermore, the novel process was employed to determine the concentrations of HHC in biological, pharmaceutical and water samples.