Abstract
Population growth and climate change lead agricultural cultures to face environmental degradation and rising of resistant diseases and pests. These conditions result in reduced product quality and increasing risk of harmful toxicity to human health. Thus, the prediction of the occurrence of diseases and pests and the consequent avoidance of the erroneous use of phytosanitary products will contribute to improving food quality and safety and environmental land protection. This study presents the design and construction of a low-cost IoT sensor mesh that enables the remote measurement of parameters of large-scale orchards. The developed remote monitoring system transmits all monitored data to a central node via LoRaWAN technology. To make the system nodes fully autonomous, the individual nodes were designed to be solar-powered and to require low energy consumption. To improve the user experience, a web interface and a mobile application were developed, which allow the monitored information to be viewed in real-time. Several experimental tests were performed in an olive orchard under different environmental conditions. The results indicate an adequate precision and reliability of the system and show that the system is fully adequate to be placed in remote orchards located at a considerable distance from networks, being able to provide real-time parameters monitoring of both tree and the surrounding environment.
Highlights
The massive increase in population over the last decades led to intensive practice of agriculture and livestock exploration as well as overuse problems of phytosanitary treatment products
These trees are of major agricultural importance in the Mediterranean region as the source of olive oil, which is one of the base ingredients in Mediterranean cuisine
It is extremely important for farmers to combat problems that arise from past agricultural policies and climate change [2]
Summary
The massive increase in population over the last decades led to intensive practice of agriculture and livestock exploration as well as overuse problems of phytosanitary treatment products. These conditions arose a great concern in society, governments and in rural communities. There are several fruits with recognized health benefits. It has become extremely important for farmers to minimize problems arising from diseases and pests [2]. The increase of air temperature and changes in the amount, intensity, and frequency of precipitation as well as the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events have a relevant impact on water and nutrient availability and on diseases and pest-spread. Temperature and humidity have been considered as control parameters to avoid excessive pesticide use [1]
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