Abstract
Abstract A green hydrogel from biochar and chitosan (BC) was synthesized as an adsorbent to remove ciprofloxacin (CIP) and enrofloxacin (ENR) from aqueous solution. BC hydrogel was prepared through an eco-friendly and inexpensive approach, using chitosan extracted from shrimp shells and biochar produced from rice husk. The physicochemical characteristics of BC were determined by SEM, FTIR, and pH PZC . A Taguchi method was employed to determine the optimal conditions for adsorption of CIP and ENR, and these were found to be 1.0 and 1.5 g/L of BC adsorbent for 300 and 450 min at pH=7, respectively. Adsorption kinetics of CIP and ENR were found to follow a pseudo-second-order model. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption isotherms were applied to illustrate the adsorption equilibrium of veterinary antibiotics. The results indicate that CIP and ENR fit the Langmuir isotherm well with maximum adsorption capacities of 106.038 and 100.433 mg/g, respectively. Also, the BC hydrogel adsorption mechanism were combined with electrostatic π – π interactions and hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, a toxicity survey of microalgae Chlorella sp. for 72 h confirmed that the BC hydrogel is non-toxic for the environment.
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