Abstract
Parahydroxybenzoates (parabens) are considered as emerging environmental contaminants because of their extensive usage in our daily life products, causing parabens contamination into environmental water systems and lead to toxic effects on environmental health. This study describes a greener extraction method using a new cationic polymer poly (ethyleneimine) functionalized acid-treated carbon nanofibers (PEI-CNFs) coated cellulose paper (CP) as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent material for the extraction of parabens from environmental water samples. The fabrication of PEI-CNFs modified CP was confirmed using field-emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and fourier-transformer infrared spectroscopy techniques. Various factors affecting the adsorption and desorption of parabens on PEI-CNFs@CP and its extraction efficiencies were studied using HPLC-UV analysis. Under the optimal experimental conditions, maximum extraction efficiencies were achieved for four target parabens, and PEI-CNFs@CP/HPLC-UV method exhibited excellent linearities ranged from 0.5–50 ng mL−1 with regression coefficient values were between 0.9952–0.9970. The presented method showed good sensitivity with quantification limits between 0.5–0.75 ng mL−1 and detection limits between 0.1–0.25 ng mL−1. The developed technique was applied for the real sample analysis (river, lake, domestic sewage water, and drinking tap water). The spiked recovery revealed good recoveries between 86.8–116.0% with RSD less than 8.8% for all the water samples. These results proved that it a simple, fast, efficient, low-cost, and eco-friendly method for the extraction and determination of parabens in environmental water samples and can be applied as a routine analytical tool in environmental monitoring and quality control laboratories.
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