Abstract
Abstract. Low-cost 3D sensors are nowadays widely diffused and many different solutions are available on the market. Some of these devices were developed for entertaining purposes, but are used also for acquisition and processing of different 3D data with the aim of documentation, research and study. Given the fact that these sensors were not developed for this purpose, it is necessary to evaluate their use in the capturing process. This paper shows a preliminary research comparing the Kinect 1 and 2 by Microsoft, the Structure Sensor by Occipital and the O&P Scan by Rodin4D in a medical scenario (i.e. human body scans). In particular, these sensors were compared to Minolta Vivid 9i, chosen as reference because of its higher accuracy. Different test objects were analysed: a calibrated flat plane, for the evaluation of the systematic distance error for each device, and three different parts of a mannequin, used as samples of human body parts. The results showed that the use of a certified flat plane is a good starting point in characterizing the sensors, but a complete analysis with objects similar to the ones of the real context of application is required. For example, the Kinect 2 presented the best results among the low-cost sensors on the flat plane, while the Structure Sensor was more reliable on the mannequin parts.
Highlights
Low-cost 3D sensors are nowadays widely diffused and many different solutions are available on the market
The producers of orthopaedic CADCAM solutions started to be interested in all these kinds of devices; they started adapting them to the biomedical applications, creating both software and new proprietary hardware devices
The aim of this paper is to evaluate and compare the metrological accuracy of a couple of devices currently used for medical purposes in an orthopaedic centre and low cost sensors that may be used for human body surface scan (i.e. Microsoft Kinect 1 and 2) and compare the results with a professional triangulation based laser scanner, the Minolta Vivid 9i
Summary
Low-cost 3D sensors are nowadays widely diffused and many different solutions are available on the market. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and compare the metrological accuracy of a couple of devices currently used for medical purposes in an orthopaedic centre (i.e. the Structure Sensor by Occipital and the O&P Scan by Rodin4D) and low cost sensors that may be used for human body surface scan (i.e. Microsoft Kinect 1 and 2) and compare the results with a professional triangulation based laser scanner, the Minolta Vivid 9i. The 3D scanning of a human body involved mainly highly rated laser scanners for acquiring the parts of interest, in order to improve diagnosis or to facilitate the creation of 3D printed orthosis or prosthesis (Baronio et al, 2016; Telfer, Woodburn, 2010) This device was used as a tracking system (Wang et al, 2012), for rehabilitation (Lange et al, 2011), for foot orthoses (Dombroski et al, 2014) and for improving the design of leg prosthesis (Colombo et al, 2016) with the aim to find a proper way to acquire 3D data using low cost sensors. This paper aims at filling the gap, testing the devices described below in acquiring organic shapes of mannequin parts, representing those human body parts that can be acquired in the orthotics and prosthetics (O&P) applications
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