Abstract
Terpenoids are a diverse class of metabolites that impact plant metabolism in response to environmental cues. They are synthesized either via a predominantly cytosolic (MVA) pathway or a plastidic pathway (MEP). In Arabidopsis, several enzymes from the MVA and MEP pathways are encoded by gene families, excluding MVK and DXR, which are single-copy genes. In this study, we assess the diversity, evolution and expression of DXR and MVK genes in selected angiosperms and Coffea arabica in particular. Evolutionary analysis revealed that DXR and MVK underwent purifying selection, but the selection effect for DXR was stronger than it was for MVK. Digital gene expression (DGE) profile analysis of six species revealed that expression levels of MVK in flowers and roots were high, whereas for DXR peak values were observed in leaves. In C. arabica, both genes were highly expressed in flowers, and CaDXR was upregulated in response to methyl jasmonate. C. arabica DGE data were validated by assessing gene expression in selected organs, and by plants treated with hexanoic acid (Hx) using RT-qPCR. MVK expression was upregulated in roots treated with Hx. CaDXR was downregulated in leaves by Hx treatment in a genotype-specific manner, indicating a differential response to priming.
Highlights
Terpenoids are a large and diverse class of metabolites that include compounds essential for cellular functions and environment interactions [1]
Our results provide important knowledge regarding the evolutionary dynamics of the d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR) and mevalonate kinase (MVK) gene families, and evaluate differences in expression via assessment of gene transcription
We used a diverse array of angiosperm species to perform genome-wide analysis of MVK and DXR genes and three species as outgroups: one basal angiosperm, one basal Viridiplantae and one Chlorophyta (Figure 1)
Summary
Terpenoids are a large and diverse class of metabolites that include compounds essential for cellular functions and environment interactions [1]. Terpenoids are produced in all living organisms, but they are most abundant and possess a greater degree of diversity in the plant kingdom [1]. Their biological functions affect plant membrane structure (sterols), respiration (ubiquinone), photosynthesis (chlorophylls, carotenoids, prenylquinones) and the regulation of plant development (cytokines, brassinosteroids, gibberellins, abscisic acid, strigolactones) [3]. They are derived from two precursor molecules: isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and its isomer, dimethylalyl diphosphate (DMAPP) [4]. There are two pathways used to produce IPP and DMAPP in higher plants: the mevalonate pathway (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
