Low carbon technology for carbon neutrality in sustainable cities: A survey

Abstract

This work aims to study the role and current situation of Low-Carbon Technology (LCT) in realizing urban Carbon Neutrality goals and Sustainable Urban Development (SUD). This work focuses on the three main aspects of Carbon Neutrality by means of investigation: the new energy-supported LCTs, building-oriented Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction (ECER), and Carbon Capture, Storage, and Utilization (CCSU) technology. The research of the past ten years (2013–2022) is reviewed from the Web of Science, Google Academic, and other literature databases. Over 20,000 articles are selected by using the keywords "Carbon Neutrality Technology," such as "IEEE," "Elsevier," and other journal documents. Finally, more than 150 papers with high citation rates and relatively novel research results are selected for specific analysis. This work also establishes a case study of urban green development with multiple co-governance and a case study of building energy conservation and carbon reduction solutions. Finally, suggestions are put forward for achieving SUD. China's energy consumption and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions have increased year by year, but the Carbon Peak has not yet been reached. About 85% of CCUS technologies extract CO2 from the air and use it for other emission reduction processes. In addition, the carbon storage time and storage efficiency need to be improved, and the general level can only reach about 60% of the storage efficiency. The secondary use of CO2 by technology is of practical significance to many industries and must be fully implemented from the perspective of the whole life cycle. Especially building energy consumption is a huge carbon emitter and poses a challenge for SUD. How to take effective measures to control emissions is still an arduous task