Low Carbon Sustainable Urban-Scale Masterplanning

Abstract

This chapter discusses the need for energy and environmental modeling at an urban scale. It stresses the importance of carrying out such modeling at an early masterplanning stage of a new development. It also considers modeling the existing built environment at urban scale and how this can inform retrofit programs. A variety of modeling methods are introduced, from simple annual energy calculations, to how more complex energy models developed for individual building simulation can be applied at an urban scale. The use of physical-scale modeling for environmental predictions is also discussed. The chapter uses a range of urban case studies to illustrate the modeling applications. Finally, a general framework for sustainable urban-scale masterplanning is introduced. The work is based on the development of urban-scale modeling tools and processes from a range of research and design projects. Learning outcomes: On successful completion of this chapter, readers will be able to: (1) explore the need for urban-scale energy and environmental modeling; (2) discuss methods of urban-scale energy and environmental modeling; (3) understand the application of modeling through case studies; and (4) appreciate the wider aspects of sustainable masterplanning.