Abstract
This paper is devoted to problems of a gradual transfer to renewable energy sources and decarbonization of power systems. It presents the analysis of the structure and the trend in global power consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and target values of decreased emissions by the largest greenhouse gas emitters. A trend in renewable energy sources in total global power consumption is analyzed. The authors study a potential for carbon capture and storage as an instrument of CO2 emission neutralization in power and industrial processes. The paper contains indicators to evaluate efficiency of power resource utilization and greenhouse gas emission control.
Highlights
Modern society becomes more and more dependent on reliable and environment-friendly energy sources, which could provide the economic growth and wealth of people
Gradual decarbonization of energy systems by increasing a share of emission-free or “green” energy sources and decreasing fossil fuel consumption is a key challenge for all countries in the world
Supporting sustainable development and combating climate change became integral aspects of planning, analyzing and developing the policy on the power industry, as the power sector of economy accounts for two-thirds of total greenhouse gas emissions and 80% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
Summary
Modern society becomes more and more dependent on reliable and environment-friendly energy sources, which could provide the economic growth and wealth of people. 3. Sustainable development scenarios – criteria and limitations The structure and trends in global energy consumption as forecast by 2040 (figure 1) are analyzed in view of two scenarios: a new political scenario (NPS), and a so-called Scenario 450 (450S), that sets a structure and volume of fossil fuel consumption at 450 ppm, when a level of carbon dioxide concentration, critical for climate, will not be exceeded [1]. A drop of global fossil fuel consumption according to 450S (figure 2) to a level ensuring that carbon dioxide concentration in air critical for climate would not be increased is forecast without significant changes in a fuel consumption structure by industry sectors: the largest consumption (over 30 %) is kept in the industry, building, and agriculture; a 1.7 % decrease in fuel consumption by vehicles is forecast as a result of transferring to ecologically clean energy sources.
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