Low-calorie-sweeteners in foods with front-of-package child-directed advertising in Brazil

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Abstract Background Low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) are currently found in ultra-processed foods, even in those with high content of sugar, without any front-of-package (FOP) information for LCS content. The aim was to assess the presence of LCS and the combination of LCS and added sugars in foods and beverages with FOP child-directed advertising in the Brazilian packaged food supply. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we used data from the nutrition facts panel (NFP) dataset that includes 11,434 unique foods and beverages collected in 2017 in the five largest food retailers in Brazil. We used information on the NFP and the list of ingredients to determine the presence of LCS and added sugars. A subsample of the packages had the available FOP advertising strategies classified using the INFORMAS methodology (n = 3,491). We estimated the prevalence of LCS and the combination of LCS and added sugar presence in the Brazilian food supply, and assessed the prevalence of foods and beverages with FOP child-directed advertising. Results Out of 3,491 products assessed, 8.9% of the products contained LCS, of which 12.9% were advertised towards children. Regarding the presence of LCS and added sugars, 7.3% of products presented that combination, with 14.6% of those having child-directed FOP advertising. The food groups with the highest prevalence of LCS were: sugary drinks (juices, nectars, fruit-flavored drinks, sodas and other beverages) (40.6%), breakfast cereals and granola bars (31.6%), and sweetened dairy products (23.5%). From those, 5.5%, 6.7% and 17.1%, accordingly, were advertised towards children. Conclusions In this sample, 9% of the foods contained LCS or a combination of LCS and added sugars. In products advertised towards children, we found higher rates of products with LCS and greater presence of LCS in beverages, breakfast cereals and granola bars with children-directed advertising. Key messages This study demonstrates that almost 9% of Brazilian packaged foods have LCS, and that 7% have both LCS and added sugars. In products advertised towards children, such rates were higher (13 - 15%). A clearer information on the front-of-package of foods and beverages regarding the presence of LCS in Brazil is necessary, particularly among those products advertised towards children.