Abstract
AbstractImportant parameters of an organic semiconductor material are the electronic band gap (Eg) and the position of highest occupied and lowest unoccupied bands versus vacuum. These bands are called valence and conduction band for inorganic semiconductors. For organic semiconductors the bands defining the band gap are often called highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). One advantage of semiconducting polymers is the ability to tune the band gap and the position of HOMO and LUMO levels by molecular chemical design. The organic photovoltaic solar cells need absorbers with a smaller bandgap to maximize the power conversion efficiency of these devices. There are several chemical strategies to synthesize low band gap polymers for optoelectronic applications. In this manuscript, an updated overview on the current status of these low band gap conjugated polymers will be given. The design principles of low band gap polymers, the properties of the resulting materials, and important applications and devices realized with this material class will be briefly discussed.
Highlights
Right after the discovery of polyacetylene and the demonstration of high conductivities after iodine or arsenic pentafluorideWith the discovery of electrical conductivity in a conjugated doping, conjugated polymers were considered as possible altertrans-polyacetylene (PA) by Alan Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid, and natives for metals for applications like anti-static coatings, elec-Hideki Shirakawa, the research and technology field of conju- trical wires, or materials for batteries and capacitors.[3]gated polymer, “plastic” based semiconductors and metals was Despite the promise of highly conductive polyacetylene, born.[1]
The goal was the synthesis of conjugated polymers with a (OLEDs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), organic solar very small or even zero band gap to obtain materials with an cells (OSCs), electrochromic display devices, and different sensors intrinsic electrical conductivity without doping
In general vation across the bandgap could lead to free charges in semiorganic and polymeric semiconductors comprise of an extended conductors with a small gap, while zero gap materials have a carbon-based π-conjugated structure
Summary
With the discovery of electrical conductivity in a conjugated doping, conjugated polymers were considered as possible altertrans-polyacetylene (PA) by Alan Heeger, Alan MacDiarmid, and natives for metals for applications like anti-static coatings, elec-. The goal was the synthesis of conjugated polymers with a (OLEDs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), organic solar very small or even zero band gap to obtain materials with an cells (OSCs), electrochromic display devices, and different sensors intrinsic electrical conductivity without doping. Thermal actibased on this new material class started to arise.[2,3,4] In general vation across the bandgap could lead to free charges in semiorganic and polymeric semiconductors comprise of an extended conductors with a small gap, while zero gap materials have a carbon-based π-conjugated structure. We will briefly discuss the design principles of low band gap polymers, the properties of the resulting materials and important applications, and devices realized with this material class
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