Abstract

Spondylosis is the progressive, age-related degenerative changes of the spine. The mid-cervical and lower-lumbar regions are particularly affected because of the distribution of mechanical stresses due to spinal motion and loading of the spinal segments when in the erect posture. These changes are usually asymptomatic apart from increasing stiffness and reduced mobility of the spine. When symptomatic, clinical features include axial spinal pain (neckache, backache) or neural compression (radiculopathy, myelopathy, see below).

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