Abstract
We invert Love surface waves and electrical resistivities to cooperatively examine the physical properties of the depth range shallower than 50-m. To analyze this depth range is essential for earthquake mitigation efforts. The shear-wave velocity (VS30) is particularly important to describe the dynamic characteristics of shallow Earth. The Love surface waves are treated in terms of both phase and group velocities. The phase velocities are obtained from the slant stacking while for the group velocities the multiple filter technique is utilized. A typical shot-gather is assumed to simulate the field collection of the surface wave data. The phase velocity curve represents the average structure beneath the geophone spread. The group velocity curve represents the average structure from the source to the geophone. In a single-station fashion, for each geophone location one group velocity curve is obtained. A linear system is set up to convert these single-station group velocity curves into local group velocity curves at grid points. The latter group velocities are inverted to attain the shear-wave velocity cross section. A similar approach is adopted to study the electrical resistivity structure of the underground. We simulate the field application using a theoretical model. Multiple electrode Pole-Pole array is assumed for the field collection of the resistivity data. The apparent (measured) resistivity values are inverted to attain the true resistivity structure in terms of a cross section. The inverted structures are one-dimensional reflecting depth dependent shear-wave velocities and electrical resistivities underneath the studied region.
Highlights
The physical properties of the near surface structure are major concern for engineering and economic geology, civil engineering, environmental, and archaeological investigations
The same strategy is followed for the electrical resistivity inversion, i.e., forward computation of representative resistivities on a layered resistivity model and inversion of apparent resistivities for structural assessment
To create Love surface waves is somewhat challenging since the sledgehammer must be used to deliver a horizontal impact onto an object firmly pushed against the surface laying down horizontally
Summary
The physical properties of the near surface structure are major concern for engineering and economic geology, civil engineering, environmental, and archaeological investigations. Different geophysical methods applied in an integrated manner may help alleviate the sensitivity problem while improving the inversion quality (Gazdova et al, 2015) In this respect, different seismic methods (i.e., reflection, refraction, and surface waves) may be jointly employed to determine the velocity structure beneath the survey area (Onyebueke et al, 2018; Senkaya et al, 2020). Love surface waves and electrical resistivity method have found many applications in geosciences (Ronczka et al, 2017; Çakır et al, 2019; Chianga et al, 2021) We cooperatively consider these two data sets to interpret the subsurface underneath an interested area. We are primarily interested in imaging the layered geophysical structure within the topmost 50 m or shallower Earth This depth range is especially critical for assessing the earthquake hazard in a region, i.e., foundation shear strength characterized by VS30 (Borcherdt, 2012; Thitimakorn and Raenak, 2016; Hollender et al, 2018). The same strategy is followed for the electrical resistivity inversion, i.e., forward computation of representative (calculated or apparent) resistivities on a layered resistivity model and inversion of apparent resistivities for structural assessment
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