Abstract
Lotus-effect-based superhydrophobicity is one of the most celebrated applications of biomimetics in materials science. Due to a combination of controlled surface roughness (surface patterns) and low-surface energy coatings, superhydrophobic surfaces repel water and, to some extent, other liquids. However, many applications require surfaces which are water-repellent but provide high friction. An example would be highway or runway pavements, which should support high wheel–pavement traction. Despite a common perception that making a surface non-wet also makes it slippery, the correlation between non-wetting and low friction is not always direct. This is because friction and wetting involve many mechanisms and because adhesion cannot be characterized by a single factor. We review relevant adhesion mechanisms and parameters (the interfacial energy, contact angle, contact angle hysteresis, and specific fracture energy) and discuss the complex interrelation between friction and wetting, which is crucial for the design of biomimetic functional surfaces.
Highlights
Biomimetics is mimicking living nature for engineering applications
More rigorous definitions distinguish between biomimetics (“an interdisciplinary cooperation of biology and technology or other fields of innovation with the goal of solving practical problems through the function analysis of biological systems, their abstraction into models, and the transfer into and application of these models to the solution”), bionics (“a technical discipline that seeks to replicate, increase, or replace biological functions by their electronic and/or mechanical equivalents”), biomimicry or biomimetism (“philosophy and interdisciplinary design approaches taking nature as a model to meet the challenges of sustainable development”), and bioinspiration (“a creative approach based on the observation of biological systems”) [1]
The fracture mechanics-based approach uses quantitative parameters, alternative both to the coefficient of friction (COF) employed by engineers and to free surface energy used in physical chemistry
Summary
Biomimetics is mimicking living nature for engineering applications. The term “biomimetics”. They possess higher energy than the atoms and molecules in the bulk This measurement is one tension of the most popular methods of determining the surface free energy. When liquid droplet on in a conta soli smooth and homogeneous surface, equilibrium value of the most contact angle (CA), θ0 , placed a result, the surface free energy influences the frictiona roughness. And are the result, the surface free energy influences the frictional behavior of sliding surfaces This is because the liquid–vapor, and the solid–liquid interfaces, resp two main factors contributing to friction are the adhesion between contacting surfaces of and surfacebonds of solids in.
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