Lost years of life due to the mortality from diseases of the urinary system in the industrial region of Kazakhstan with air pollution

Abstract

Introduction. The relevance of the epidemiological problems of loss of years due to diseases of the kidney and urinary tract is due to the progressive gain in the number of patients in many regions and countries of the World. 
 Purpose. Estimation of years of life lost due to the mortality from diseases of the urinary system (DUS) in the Pavlodar region, which is one of the industrial regions of Kazakhstan. 
 Materials and methods. Medical-demographic (mortality rates) and medical-statistical (primary morbidity rates) data was obtained from the Department of Statistics of the Republican Center for Electronic Health Care of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RCEHC RK). The study period was eight years (from 2015 to 2022). The Years of Life Lost (YLL) indicator was calculated according to methodological recommendations. An assessment of the relationships between population health indicators for pathologies of the urinary system (US) with social factors (gross domestic product per capita – GDP), and environmental indicators (ecological and meteorological) as possible causes of adverse events in human health was carried out using correlation and time series analysis.
 Results. In the structure of years of life lost due to the mortality from US organs, chronic renal failure (CRF, 55.96–65.85%) led. In the regional center of Pavlodar, there was a peak in years lost in mortality from DUS over 2021 (3.3‰ YLLs), during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the average annual losses by age groups, in the Pavlodar region, the maximum losses were detected in the elderly (10.5‰ YLLs) and senile (15.8‰ YLLs) age. An excess of the maximum one-time concentrations of pollutants in the atmospheric air above the MPC level with the highest pollution level in 2018 was registered. Correlation analysis showed a high level of correlation between the loss of years of life because of the mortality due to US diseases with atmospheric air pollution in Ekibastuz (r  = 0.80), weak  – 
 in Pavlodar region (r  = 0.28) and low – in Pavlodar (r = 0.13).
 Limitations. Of the environmental pollution factors, only atmospheric air pollution factors were studied, which does not reflect all the possible effects of environmental pollution on population health. In the group of reasons with code R, the conclusion “old age” prevailed, which may have led to an inaccurate analysis of the causes of death.
 Conclusion. Regional connections between the loss of years of life due to mortality due to US diseases with atmospheric air pollution and temperature in the winter season, as well as newly identified morbidity with atmospheric air pollution, have been identified.