LOSSES OF ELECTRIC ENERGY IN THE ENERGY SYSTEM OF UKRAINE AND THEIR REDUCTION DUE TO THE INTRODUCTION OF DIRECT CURRENT

Abstract

The issue of losses of electrical energy in the energy system of Ukraine is considered. Tendencies of changes in the value of losses in the direction of growth in recent years are shown. Such an increase in losses led not only to the fixation of purely technical parameters, but also led to financial losses in the country and consumers in the amount of tens of billions of hryvnias. Statistical data on global losses of electrical energy are shown, showing a global trend in reducing the magnitude of losses. The trend to reduce losses is being implemented by all developed countries. Data on electricity losses correlate with the economic development of the country. Significant losses are a sign of negative phenomena in the economy, and vice versa, smalllosses are a sign of a stable economic condition. The structure of losses was analyzed. A general representation of losses has been proposed, which has received a graphical representation in the form of a diagram, where two types of electrical energy losses are considered: technological and commercial. Such a division into groups of losses made it possible to separate the analyzed parts. It is precisely those types of losses that are least affected by extraneous human impact, such as theft, destruction of equipment, non-payments, etc., are considered. The nature of such influences is not technical, so they were not considered. A parallel is drawn between the level of equipment wear and the level of electricity losses. A logical chain is shown, in order to reduce losses it is necessary to upgrade the equipment. The energy system includes different elements and is very branched. It can be measured not only by a significant number of equipment items, but also by the cost of these items. The total cost of the energy system is very significant, and it is only possible to carry out energy re-equipment in stages. It is proposed to identify the elements of the energy system that are most sensitive in terms of their impact on losses, for which it would be logical to carry out rearmament in the first place. However, based on international experience, it was proposed that when planning the restoration of the power system, immediately take the most promising direction, namely, not the usual re-equipment of networks through the installation of newer equipment, but to take a qualitative step towards introducing a DC system in lowvoltage networks up to 10 kV inclusive. Which, according to the studies of European scientists, will significantly reduce losses, increase the controllability of networks, and improve the quality of electrical energy.